Russia has been testing DRM since 2003 and apart for a few short breaks has had shortwave transmissions since then. In April 2010 the Voice of Russia stated that DRM had been selected as the digital standard for services up to 30MHz (DRM30). In 2011 VOR changed the vast majority of its transmissions to dual channel audio (termed MDI in their published schedules) and in 2012 is broadcasting from 0600-2100 UTC mainly in this mode primarily to Europe and Asia but also to Africa.
VOR has DRM transmitters at Taldom (40kW), Bolshakovo (15kW), Novosibirsk (50kW), Irkutsk (15kW) and recently at Krsnodar (30kW). The lower powered sites do not provide very good reception in Western Europe.

